{"id":6140,"date":"2021-08-20T14:20:44","date_gmt":"2021-08-20T13:20:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/solidaires-etudiant.org\/site\/?p=6140"},"modified":"2021-08-20T14:20:46","modified_gmt":"2021-08-20T13:20:46","slug":"interview-avec-alexey-stoev-jeune-militant-bielorusse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/solidaires-etudiant-e-s.org\/site\/2021\/08\/20\/interview-avec-alexey-stoev-jeune-militant-bielorusse\/","title":{"rendered":"Interview avec Alexey Stoev, jeune militant bi\u00e9lorusse"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le mouvement de contestation du r\u00e9gime d\u2019Alexandre Lukashenko de 2020-2021 a commenc\u00e9 avec le processus \u00e9lectoral de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2020, o\u00f9 les r\u00e9sultats officiels ont \u00e9t\u00e9 contest\u00e9s par la candidate de l\u2019opposition d\u00e9mocratique \u00e0 Lukashenko, Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya. S\u2019en est suivi un mouvement de protestation et de gr\u00e8ves, le plus large de l\u2019histoire du pays. Mais le r\u00e9gime a repris la main par une r\u00e9pression particuli\u00e8rement violente et l\u2019attention internationale a largement d\u00e9clin\u00e9 tandis que les sources d\u2019information ind\u00e9pendantes \u00e9taient attaqu\u00e9es par le r\u00e9gime. Alors que plusieurs \u00e9tudiant-e-s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 lourdement condamn\u00e9-e-s en juillet pour leur participation au mouvement, nous avons cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 en savoir plus sur la situation au Belarus.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une version anglaise de l’interview est disponible en fin d’article <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An English version of the interview is available at the end of the article<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quelle est la situation du mouvement social au Belarus ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La situation est tr\u00e8s compliqu\u00e9e en ce moment. Des proc\u00e8s contre des participant-e-s aux soul\u00e8vements ont lieux tous les jours et la r\u00e9pression des derniers mois est parvenue \u00e0 briser la plupart des initiatives collectives. Des groupes et des organisations sont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement prises pour cible et dissoutes. Beaucoup de militant-e-s politiques ont quitt\u00e9 le pays et ne veulent pas rentrer par peur des poursuites judiciaires.
Il est toujours compliqu\u00e9 de faire des pronostics mais il semble actuellement que le mouvement de 2020 ait \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9cras\u00e9 par la vague de r\u00e9pression la plus brutale dans l\u2019histoire moderne du pays.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Que penses-tu des perspectives du mouvement ? A-t-il obtenu des victoires ? Penses-tu que d\u2019autres soit possibles ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une des plus grandes victoires est que de nombreuses personnes ont pris conscience de la possibilit\u00e9 de s\u2019auto-organiser. La plupart des organisateur-ice-s locaux-ales, qui \u00e0 priori n\u2019avaient pas de liens avec des groupes politiques anti-autoritaires, pensent que le changement doit venir de la base. La volont\u00e9 politique collective qui s\u2019est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e en 2020 est \u00e9galement une autre importante victoire populaire.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malheureusement toutes ces victoires ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effac\u00e9es par la r\u00e9pression. Les liens construits durant le mouvement ont \u00e9t\u00e9 bris\u00e9s par des arrestations, des exils forc\u00e9s et la peur constante de nouvelles r\u00e9pressions. La politique du r\u00e9gime a \u00e9t\u00e9 jusqu\u2019ici de d\u00e9truire syst\u00e9matiquement, brique par brique, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 bi\u00e9lorusse toute enti\u00e8re afin de pouvoir gouverner par la peur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des possibilit\u00e9s de changements sociaux et de soul\u00e8vement existent toujours. Le monde est dynamique, toujours changeant et les empires se sont effondr\u00e9s, une petite dictature n\u2019y fera pas exception. Lukashenko croit en son pouvoir et celui de son syst\u00e8me. De notre c\u00f4t\u00e9, nous croyons au pouvoir des peuples qui ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 changer le monde malgr\u00e9 les monarques et les tyrans.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment le mouvement \u00e9tait-il structur\u00e9 ? Quelles \u00e9tait les types d\u2019organisations pr\u00e9sentes ? Y avait-il des solidarit\u00e9s avec les syndicats ou sont-ils trop proches du r\u00e9gime ? <\/strong>

<\/strong>
<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il y a peu d\u2019organisations politiques formelles impliqu\u00e9es et la plupart d\u2019entre elles sont actives depuis l\u2019\u00e9tranger. A cause des vagues de r\u00e9pressions constantes, la plupart du travail politique organis\u00e9 est le fait de groupes anti-r\u00e9pression.


<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La principale force syndicale au Belarus est la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration des Syndicats du Belarus, il s\u2019agit d\u2019une f\u00e9d\u00e9ration syndicale contr\u00f4l\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00c9tat et dont le pr\u00e9sident est directement nomm\u00e9 par Lukashenko. Elle existe pour la forme et est incapable de porter un quelconque changement social. Elle est \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9e pour pacifier les travailleur-euse-s. Il est possible d\u2019obtenir quelques avantages sociaux en rejoignant le syndicat mais la majorit\u00e9 des effectifs importants de la FSB provient de l\u2019inscription obligatoire \u00e0 la prise de poste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il existe plusieurs syndicats ind\u00e9pendants, trop petits pour avoir un impact dans la politique syndicale au Belarus. Cependant, durant les mouvements de 2020 certains ont appuy\u00e9 des collectifs de gr\u00e8ve spontan\u00e9e, les aidant \u00e0 s\u2019organiser et \u00e0 faire face \u00e0 la r\u00e9pression.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des organisations \u00e9tudiantes se sont-elles impliqu\u00e9es ? Existe-t-il des syndicats \u00e9tudiants ind\u00e9pendants ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syndicat \u00e9tudiant du pays, la Belarus Student Association (BSA), a un positionnement plut\u00f4t lib\u00e9ral. Il revendique le rapprochement avec l\u2019Europe et la construction d\u2019une d\u00e9mocratie \u00e9tudiante. Ce syndicat a aussi particip\u00e9 \u00e0 combattre le r\u00e9gime durant l\u2019Et\u00e9-Automne 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quelle est la place des \u00e9tudiant-e-s dans ce mouvement ? Est-ce que cela a impliqu\u00e9 les universit\u00e9s ? Est-ce que certains des profs les ont rejoint-e-s ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Pendant un temps, le mouvement \u00e9tudiant \u00e9tait assez massif avec des actions quotidiennes et m\u00eame une tentative d\u2019occuper une universit\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine, mais la dynamique a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapidement \u00e9cras\u00e9e d\u00e8s que la police a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 intervenir dans les universit\u00e9s et \u00e0 arr\u00eater les \u00e9tudiant-e-s. Il y a eu plusieurs douzaines d\u2019arrestations et plusieurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 poursuivis p\u00e9nalement. Les proc\u00e8s ont eu lieu il y a peu, les condamnant tous-te-s \u00e0 des peines comprises entre 2 \u00bd ans et 3 ans de prison.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En ce qui concerne les enseignant-e-s, beaucoup se sont joint-e-s aux \u00e9tudiant-e-s, que ce soit en faisant des vid\u00e9os collectives en solidarit\u00e9 au mouvement contre le r\u00e9gime ou en rejoignant leurs actions. Les plus actif-ve-s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 renvoy\u00e9-e-s des universit\u00e9s, d\u2019autres ont vu leur contrat ne pas \u00eatre prolong\u00e9.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A propos de la r\u00e9pression dans les universit\u00e9s, comment les \u00e9tudiant-e-s font-iels pour s\u2019en sortir ? Est-ce qu\u2019il y en a certain-e-s qui ont d\u00fb s\u2019exiler ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beaucoup d\u2019\u00e9tudiant-e-s ont arr\u00eat\u00e9 de s\u2019impliquer apr\u00e8s la vague de r\u00e9pression, par peur d\u2019\u00eatre renvoy\u00e9-e-s. Les \u00e9tudiant-e-s les plus actif-ve-s politiquement ont quitt\u00e9 le pays et continuent de militer depuis l\u2019\u00e9tranger. Certain-e-s ont pu b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de programmes d\u2019aides pour les \u00e9tudiant-e-s en Pologne ou en Lituanie.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avez-vous re\u00e7u du soutien depuis l\u2019international ? Est-ce que ce soutien s\u2019est traduit mat\u00e9riellement ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oui, on a re\u00e7u du soutien de pleins d\u2019endroits mais la plupart du temps c\u2019\u00e9tait assez insuffisant. Premi\u00e8rement la question de l\u2019argent est devenue essentielle pour beaucoup de militant-e-s qui ont perdus leur travail ou ont d\u00fb fuir le pays et se sont retrouv\u00e9-e-s sans ressources. De plus, les proc\u00e8s co\u00fbtent cher et seule une fraction des personnes r\u00e9prim\u00e9es ont pu b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019une forme de solidarit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, aucune attention m\u00e9diatique n\u2019est port\u00e9e au Belarus et le soutien d\u00e9cline. Les campagnes de solidarit\u00e9 r\u00e9coltent de moins en moins d\u2019argent et les ONG de d\u00e9fense des droits de humains ont du mal \u00e0 couvrir les frais judiciaires des affaires politiques.

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comment pouvons-nous aider en tant que syndicat \u00e9tudiant fran\u00e7ais ? Existe-t-il des organisations de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9-e-s bi\u00e9lorusses en France ?<\/strong>


<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Il existe beaucoup d\u2019organisations b\u00e9larusses \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger qui ont besoin d\u2019aide. La plupart des exil\u00e9-e-s bi\u00e9lorusses vivent aujourd\u2019hui en Pologne, en Lituanie ou en Ukraine mais se mettre en lien avec la diaspora bi\u00e9lorusse locale peut \u00eatre un moyen de cr\u00e9er du lien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vous pouvez envoyer des fonds et soutenir les \u00e9tudiant-e-s bi\u00e9lorusses \u00e0 travers leur syndicat \u00e9tudiant BSA (Leur canal Telegram : https:\/\/t.me\/zbsunion<\/a> ) ou d\u2019autres organisations \u00e9tudiant-e-s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une autre possibilit\u00e9 est de communiquer sur ce qu\u2019il se passe au Belarus. Il est important de garder l\u2019attention sur le Belarus dans les sph\u00e8res m\u00e9diatiques et sociales pour que les gens aient connaissance et se souviennent de notre lutte.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

English version<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– What is the situation of the social movement in Belarus?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Currently the situation is complicated with trials against participants of the uprising happening every day. Repression during these last months managed to put down most of collective efforts. Groups and organizations are getting shutdown on a regular basis. A lot of political activists left the country and are not planning to return due to fear of prosecution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is hard to make any prognoses but so far it seems that the movement of 2020 has been smashed with the hardest wave of repressions in the modern history of the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– What do you think of the perspectives of this movement? Has it obtained some victories; do you think other are still possible?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of biggest victories of this movement is that many people have started believing in the possibilities of self-organizing. Most of local organizers not connected with anti-authoritarian political groups do believe that changes should come from bottom. The collective political will that was developed in 2020 was another huge victory of the people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unfortunately, all these victories are being overshadowed by the repression. Social connections built during the protests were destroyed by arrests, forced migrations and constant fear of new repressions. So far, the regime is destroying systematically, brick by brick, the whole belarusian society, trying to rule by fear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Possibilities for the new uprisings and social changes are always there. The world is dynamic and empires have fallen, not to mention small dictatorships. Lukashenko believes in his own power and power of his apparatus, while we do believe in power of the people that has changed the world despite the monarchs and the tyrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– How is the movement structured? What kind of organizations are taking part in it? Are there solidarities with trade unions or are these too involved with the regime?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are very few formal political organizations and most of them are working outside of the country. With continued repressions, most of the organized political work is done by anti-repression groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main trade union of Belarus is Federation of Unions of Belarus. This is a state union where the head is appointed by the president. It exists pro-forma<\/em> and is incapable of any social changes. It is also used as a pacifier among the workers. You can get some social benefits by joining the union but in general the huge membership of FUB relies on the compulsory joining as part of entering the job.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are several independent unions that are too small to have a significant influence on labor politics in Belarus. However, during the protests in 2020 some of them were helping spontaneous strike collectives to organize and fight back.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What about student organizations? Are there any independent student unions?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The student union that exists in the country is a mostly liberal organization, that pushes towards european reforms (part of the European Student Union) and formal student self-government. This union was also participating in fighting back the regime in Summer-Autumn 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– What is\/was the implication of students in the movement? Did it involve the universities? Did the\/some professors join as well?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

At some point the student movement was quite massive with daily actions and even one attempt to occupy the medical university. But the dynamic quickly went down as soon as police started appearing in universities and arresting students. Dozens of them had to face administrative arrests. Some of the students were arrested on criminal charges and recently prosecuted – they all got between 2 and a half years and 3 years in prison for participating or organizing protests. Many students were expelled for participation in the protest and won’t be able to study in Lukashenko’s Belarus anymore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As for the professors and teachers, many of them joined the students in protest making collective videos of solidarity with repressed activists as well as participating in actions themselves. The most active ones were kicked out from universities, while others didn’t get their contract with university prolonged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– You mentioned the repression in the universities. How do students cope with it? Did some of them had to go in exile?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many students stopped their political involvement after wave of repressions with fear of being expelled. The most politically active students left the country and are active right now in the diaspora activity abroad. Some of them got support from student support programs in Poland or Lithuania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– What about the international support? Did the movement receive any concrete\/material help?<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yes, support was coming from various places in the world, but in many cases, it was not enough. First, the question of money that was essential for a lot of activists who lost their jobs or had to migrate. Political prosecutions of thousands and thousands of people also cost a lot of money. Only a part of the people repressed managed to get solidarity support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Currently, with almost no focus on Belarus in the media, international support is waning. Solidarity campaigns are raising less and less money and human rights NGO’s are struggling with being able to cover all the legal costs at least of part of political cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– How could we help, as a French student union? Do you know of any exiled\/refugee orgs in France? Our interprofessional union can probably help them as well.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are many Belarusian organizations abroad that need support. Currently, most of the Belarusian migrants are in Ukraine, Poland or Lithuania, but getting in touch with the Belarusian diaspora in France might be one of the ways to establish cooperation between structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You can raise also funds and support Belarusian students through the student union BSA (their Telegram channel : https:\/\/t.me\/zbsunion<\/a> ) or other student organizations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another possibility is to spread information of what is happening in Belarus. It is important to keep Belarus in the news and the social sphere for people to know and remember the struggle.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le mouvement de contestation du r\u00e9gime d\u2019Alexandre Lukashenko de 2020-2021 a commenc\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6141,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[18,24,25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esr","category-international","category-interpro","col-md-4 col-sm-4"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/solidaires-etudiant-e-s.org\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1-e1629465513241.png","author_info":{"display_name":"Solidaires \u00e9tudiant-e-s","author_link":false},"yoast_head":"\nInterview avec Alexey Stoev, jeune militant bi\u00e9lorusse - Solidaires \u00e9tudiant-e-s<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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